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Hadean mantle oxidation inferred from melting of peridotite under lower-mantle conditions - Nature Geoscience
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The early Earth's mantle is believed to have been highly reducing when it formed from a magma ocean equilibrating with the core. Conversely, some geological evidence suggests that the Hadean upper mantle was oxidized to a similar degree as or even more than that of today. Previous work on the high-pressure melting of andesite demonstrated the disproportionation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ plus Fe0 in the melt, suggesting the magma ocean became more oxidized as Fe0 was removed into the core.
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